Facial Analysis

Estimation of Orofacial Kinematics in Parkinson's Disease: Comparison of 2D and 3D Markerless Systems for Motion Tracking

Orofacial deficits are common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their evolution might represent an important biomarker of disease progression. We are developing an automated system for assessment of orofacial function in PD that can be used …

Automatic Facial Landmark Localization in Clinical Populations--Improving Model Performance with a Small Dataset

**Background** Automatic facial landmark localization in videos is an important first step in many computer vision applications, including the objective assessment of orofacial function. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) for facial landmarks …

Toward an automatic system for computer-aided assessment in facial palsy

**Importance** Quantitative assessment of facial function is challenging, and subjective grading scales such as House–Brackmann, Sunnybrook, and eFACE have well-recognized limitations. Machine learning (ML) approaches to facial landmark localization …

The spectrum of facial palsy: The MEEI facial palsy photo and video standard set

**Objectives** Facial palsy causes variable facial disfigurement ranging from subtle asymmetry to crippling deformity. There is no existing standard database to serve as a resource for facial palsy education and research. We present a standardized …

Spontaneity Assessment in Dually Innervated Gracilis Smile Reanimation Surgery

**Importance** Surgeons have sought to optimize outcomes of smile reanimation surgery by combining inputs from nerve-to-masseter and cross-face nerve grafts. An objective assessment tool could help surgeons evaluate outcomes to determine the optimal …

Clinician and Automated Assessments of Facial Function Following Eyelid Weight Placement

**Importance** Quantitative assessment of facial function is difficult, and historic grading scales such as House-Brackmann have well-recognized limitations. The electronic, clinician-graded facial function scale (eFACE) allows rapid regional …

In the eye of the beholder: Changes in perceived emotion expression after smile reanimation

**Background** Tools to quantify layperson assessments of facial palsy are lacking. In this study, artificial intelligence was applied to develop a proxy for layperson assessments, and compare sensitivity to existing outcome measures. **Methods** …

A machine learning approach for automated facial measurements in facial palsy